Archaeological  Investigations

In 1995, Hunter Research performed archaeological investigations and historical research in connection with repairs to the Trent House tunnel.  Two trenches were excavated across the line of the tunnel.  Native American  artifacts were found including a projectile point dating to between 3000 and 1700 B.C.  From 2000-2003, a public archaeology program was implemented with students and volunteers excavating 235 shovel tests on the property. Additionally, an excavation unit was dug which produced prehistoric and historic artifacts, pre-20th century soils and historic features. Historic artifacts included Dutch bricks and sugar molds from the nearby William Richards pottery of the 1770s and 1780s. 

​Historic features include an 18th century mica schist footing thought to be the southern wall of the covered walkway leading to the 18th century kitchen.  A part of a 19th century foundation was also found, believed to be part of the 19th century eastern wing. In 2002, archaeologists investigated the sides of construction trenches in which 17th, 18th 19th and 20th century features were found.  

---

​​In 2015, Hunter Research performed archaeological excavations on the east side of the house.  This investigation exposed the foundations of the prominent mid-18th century kitchen wing, a free-standing, two-story structure connected to the house by a gangway.  A total of 2539 historic and prehistoric artifacts were recovered as well as several historic features including one interpreted to be the south wall of the 1742 Lewis Morris kitchen wing and remnants of the attached gangway.  The former kitchen wing, shown here in a drawing from 1789, is no longer visible on the property, but these excavations hinted that more information about the use and occupation of this wing are waiting to be discovered beneath the ground surface.  

The 3D image below was generated with photogrammetry software using a combination of handheld and drone photographs by Hunter Research archaeologists. It shows the foundation of the additions to the house from the 1800s on the right and the foundation of the 1742 kitchen building is indicated by the line of white stones in the trench on the left. ​

​During the summer of 2019, with funding from NJM Insurance Group and the Trent House Association, a team of professional archaeologists from Hunter Research and Monmouth University undertook new investigations. Expanded exploration of and near the 1742 kitchen site revealed additional evidence of its foundation and structure.   

To view a tour of the 2019 field work produced by NJTV, see here. ​​

The work also investigated a new area to the south of the House; this site produced extensive artifacts from Native American settlement on the site as well as from European occupation in the 1600s and 1700s, examples of which are shown below.  Click on images below to enlarge.  For a recent analysis of Native American archaeological artifacts found on the Trent House property, see here. 

Projectile Point (Argillite).
Late Archaic Period
​(4,000 to 2,000 B.C.)

Strips of copper used for trading w/ Native Americans. 
(appr. 16th or 17th century) 

Bellarmine jug shard. Western Germany.  AKA Bartmann jugs (16th thru 17th century)

A selection of Native American pottery
w/ incised or smoothed
​surfaces

Additional investigations have included a ground penetrating radar study in 2016 and deep soil sampling using augering in 2020. For an overview of archaeology at the Trent House see here. 

​Students and adults can learn about the basics of archaeology and how archaeological research on the Trent House site has informed our understanding of Native American life and take a quiz to see how much they now know by clicking here. For a more detailed presentation by Richard Adamczyk see here.